Self Interest in Hamlet by Shakespeare :: essays research papers

Hamlet is a play about inherent self-interests. Shakespeare composes the play with dominant ideals instilled within the reader, primarily those pertaining to revenge and tragedy, albeit those ideals are derived from each character's different self-interest, whether applied consciously or not. Shakespeare utilizes various soliloquies and certain dialogue throughout the play as a medium through which the reader comprehends a certain character's self-interest. Through these soliloquies and other dialogue, primarily those concerning Hamlet, Gertrude, and Claudius, the major themes of revenge and tragedy are derived from unconscious wants, thus making Hamlet a play about inherent self-interest. In murdering King Hamlet, Claudius achieves his goal to become King, and later seduces Hamlet's mother, Gertrude. King Claudius's intentions are revealed in Hamlet's designed play-within-a-play where "the King rises" and Claudius demands the show be halted with "Give me some light. Away!" (III.ii). His instantaneous flee proves his inherent wants when his inner thoughts of "dire property" are exposed (III.ii). Claudius realizes Hamlet has noticed his self-interest, thus planning his murderous scheme against Hamlet, which ultimately leads to the destruction of Hamlet's and Gertrude's once happy life. Gertrude's selfish behavior is indirectly selfish, in that Gertrude's priorities are derived from the men surrounding her, most dominantly, Claudius. Gertrude's allegiance through the play is constantly on the move: shifting constantly between Hamlet and Claudius, finally resorting to Claudius. Her selfishness is derived from Claudius in that she wants to protect what is hers through him. All that she owned became his as well when they married, therefore when the queen says "buy not by him" (IV.v) defending the king against Laertes's accusations, she is truly concerned about herself and the notion of her having to leave all she has if Laertes's accusation is seen as true. Hamlet's inherent self-interest is the underlying cause of the play. One of Hamlet's first soliloquies demonstrates Hamlet's passionate anger towards Gertrude due to her marrying Claudius. His anger shows clear as he insults all women in "Frailty, thy name is woman!" (I.ii), as well as "like Niobe, all tears" (I.ii). Hamlet's anger and frustration were always a part of his emotional status, allowing him to already have adverse feelings for Claudius, however, it was the ghost's commands that allowed Hamlet to propel these interests into the action he is to commit. Hamlet's previously felt emotion is the tinder the ghost uses in order to make Hamlet take action against the situation neither of them are willing to take action against.

Tyco’s problem Essay

Tyco’s job was a consequence of top executives and members of the board non supervising what was legal and what wasn’t within their company. CEO’s Kozlowski and CFO Swartz failed to unwrap 1000000s of dollars of low involvement and involvement free loans they received from Tyco. The executives unethical behaviour resulted in stockholders benefits being written off which ended the company traveling into a monolithic debt. The top executives displayed greed for money. 1. What do you believe Kozlowski motive for seeking to avoid gross revenues revenue enhancements on his art purchases was? Kozlowski motive was power and greed for money. Kozlowski knew that he was in a top place of authorization. and most likely believed that no 1 was traveling to oppugn his place or the incorrect things that he was going involved in. There was besides no existent answerability nowadays or trueness to Tyco. Kozlowski realized that if he purchased the graphics with Tyco financess and so falsified the records. so he wouldn’t have to pay the revenue enhancements out of his ain pocket and took a great hazard that no 1 would happen out. He abused Tyco’s assets for his ain pecuniary addition. 2. Explain the construct of commingling assets with regard to the Tyco instance Commingling assets is and is the act of blending the financess belonging to one party with those of another party. particularly when one party has duty to maintain the financess separate for the other party. Tyco used this as a manner to travel around the system for its on personal additions. concealing the true purposes of its executives. Commingling personal with concern assets is overall a hapless concern determination. The executives treated the company’s money as if it were your ain. Besides. the executives used Tyco’s concern assets for their ain personal addition by buying graphics. multiple existent estate belongingss. jewellery. and other dearly-won points for personal usage. By commingling assets. the executives caused attending from revenue enhancement governments and SEC and other condemnable probes due to their delusory behaviours. 3. Would it hold been possible for the board of managers to see the accommodations taking topographic point in the different plans at Tyco? The board members could hold found the unlawful accommodations taking topographic point. but non really likely in this instance. In a sense. the board of managers is every bit much at mistake as the piquing executives because if they played a more proactive function in the concern operations. so the executives may non hold gotten away with every bit much as they did for the long period of clip. If they had taken a more active function. they would hold found deceptive paperss and fraud strategies that were go oning manner Oklahoman than when they were finally discovered. As a consequence of the board non taking an active function. the executive’s actions went on for some clip without any notice. The executives knew what they were making was incorrect and illegal. being involved in revenue enhancement equivocation. hyperbolic net incomes and commingling assets. The executives were besides passing out illegal unauthorised fillips. They besides become involved in paying off functionary to be quiet on the affair. Overall. the incorrect actors of the company knew that their actions were illegal. unethical. and dearly-won to Tyco. but they risked all of these things for their ain personal addition. They believed that no 1 would catch on to their actions. but like all offenses that condemnable commit. it finally catches up with them.

Financial Inclusion - the Scope and Effect in Indian Economy

FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN INDIA- IMPACT CHALLENGES Financial inclusion in India – The way forward ABSTRACT: The government of India RBI has out with a major initiative towards ensuring the inclusive growth through financial inclusion so that the access of financial service will reach to the mass population. The main theme of this paper is to highlight the requirement of financial inclusion and to estimate the social benefit from these initiatives. As Reserve Bank of India data shows that as many as 139 districts suffer from massive financial exclusion, with the adult population per branch in these districts being above 20,000 and only 3 percent with borrowings from banks. On the assumption that each adult has only one bank account†¦show more content†¦High cost of credit and exploitative terms:( credit against collateral such as gold is even more expensive than the effective interest rates, similarly, rates paid by hawkers and vendors who repay on daily basis are very high. High cost and leakages in money transfers: the delays( in sending money home through all informal channels add to these. Near( absence of insurance and pension services : life, asset, and health insurance needs Scope of financial Inclusion can put into effort Recent developments in technology have transformed banking from the traditional brick-and-mortar infrastructure to a system supplemented by other channels like automated teller machines (ATM), credit/debit cards, internet banking, online money transfers, etc. The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) has enabled branchless banking by facilitating the business correspondent/facilitator model, enabling non-government organizations, micro-finance bodies, co-operative societies, grocery shops, PCOs and individuals to collect small deposits, disburse and recover certain loans, and also sell other financial products, like insurance, pension and mutual funds, and to handle small remittances and payments. But is it also true that while a large number of no-frills accounts have been opened; those that are operational have yet to reach a meaningful level? On its part, the government has also unveiled a number of initiatives toShow MoreRelatedThe Growth And Poverty Improvement Of A Country Essay1539 Words   |  7 Pages INTERNSHIP INTRODUCTION Finance is assumed to be one of the most important tools for the growth and poverty improvement in a country. Financial inclusion is a vision for every country to achieve so that it can provide quality services to its citizens. Govt. Has introduces many schemes to achieve the aim of Inclusive growth and abandoned access to Financial services. Many initiatives, schemes and reforms have been put into the place after independence. Many Cooperative Banks where introduced toRead MoreFinancial Inclusion Of The Jammu And Kashmir State Essay812 Words   |  4 PagesFinancial inclusion, principally when endorsed in the wider framework of economic inclusion, it has an ability to uplift financial conditions and improve the standards of lives of the poor and the underprivileged. Financial inclusion has been successful in other countries India is also trying this for all time to achieve this goal. Access to affordable financial services would lead to increasing economic actions and employment o pportunities for rural households with a possible multiplier effect onRead MoreEssay On Banking Industry965 Words   |  4 PagesPresently, the key issues related to the Indian banking sector include: o prospective migration to Basel III while upgrading the existing risk management practices under Basel II; o transition to International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) and required upgradation in information technology and human resource infrastructure; o improvement in corporate governance practices in banks; and o the overall need to become more competitive on the back of scale, scope, prudence and knowledge to be able toRead MoreAgricultural Machinery Market : A Case Study Essay1590 Words   |  7 PagesDepartment of mechanical Assistant Professor and Industrial Engineering Department of mechanical and Industrial Indian Institute of Engineering Technology Roorkee Indian institute Of Technology Roorkee Table of Contents I. Introduction Problem Highlights Topic Justification scope and limitations II Policy III Tractor sales IV Growth in different segment IV Indian agricultural machinery in the world V Farming land per farmer VI conclusion IntroductionRead MoreA Study on Impact of Fdi on Service Sector4081 Words   |  17 Pagesstudies Garden City College Bangalore| | ABSTRACT The last two decades have witnessed an unprecedented growth of the Indian service sector. FDI is a tool for economic growth through its strengthening of domestic capital, productivity and employment. FDI plays a vital role in the up gradation of technology, skills and managerial capabilities in various sectors of the economy. The study aims to analyze the growth dynamics of the FDI. It intends to see whether the growth in FDI has any significantRead MoreImpact of Future Derivatives on Stock Market Volatility1588 Words   |  7 Pages Impact of Future Derivatives on Stock Market Volatility Derivatives has been the talk of the financial world after it was accussed as the primary reason for such a deep financial crisis that affecetd the global economy in 2007. Thus, the modelling of asset returns and judging the volatility of stock market and whether the derivatives have a substantial effect on stock market volatility, is still the key task for every finance professional as it provides much needed on risk patterns involvedRead MorePre Colonial India Is Characterized By Independent Self Sufficient Villages With Various Customs And Laws Essay1682 Words   |  7 Pagesinstitutions were challenged. The introduction of English ideals and political ideology placed strain on the relationship between foreign rulers and the indigenous people. Law changes regarding the taxation of imports and exports exploited India’s economy (Bally 38). The economic and moral developments these changes created purposed the benefit of colonial authority. The reforms stem from colonial valu es and did not reflect an accurate understanding of the history and culture of pre-colonial IndiaRead MoreGood Csr - Bad Csr in Telecommunications Industry4557 Words   |  19 Pages............ 3 CSR issues specific to the telecommunications industry .................................................................................. 4 Direct effects..................................................................................................................................................... 4 Indirect effects .................................................................................................................................................. 4 3. 4. INDUSTRYRead MoreA Research Study On Micro Finance2048 Words   |  9 PagesMicro-finance is a service provided by banks and other financial institutions in which extremely affordable and easy loans are provided to the low-income segment of the country and those people having no source of financing. It is mostly practiced in under-developed and developing countries. Micro-finance ensures that these people have a secure income source for their future. Furthermore Micro-finance serves a dual purpose of: 1. Raising the Employment level 2. Increasing the per-capita income OneRead MoreRole of Bc/Bf in Financial Inclusion16135 Words   |  65 PagesROLE OF BUSINESS CORRESPONDENT / BUSINESS FASCILITATOR IN FINANCIAL INCLUSION. A PROJECT REPORT Submitted by VARUN VERMA (2K92A49) PGDM GENERAL In partial fulfillment for the award of the degree Of MASTERS IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION [pic] ASIA PACIFIC INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT, NEW DELHI (2009-2011) ACKNOLEDGEMENT I wish to express my gratitude to NABARD, Haryana, for giving me an opportunity to be a part of it and enhance my knowledge by granting permission to do my summer project

Kill A Mockingbird By Harper Lee - 1658 Words

All through America s history, individuals have confronted numerous issues. In the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird, Harper Lee shows a portion of the issues that America managed in the 1930 s. J.B. Lippincott published the novel, To Kill a Mockingbird in 1960. Harper Lee splendidly shows the issues of good training, social disparities, and prejudice in this novel. The setting of To Kill a Mockingbird happens in Maycomb, Alabama, a residential community generally comprising a more racist white society. The story happens amid The Great Depression in the mid 1930 s. Other than the few individuals in the town, numerous individuals struggled with money. The Finch family is the principle characters in the novel. Scout, the narrator of the novel,†¦show more content†¦Since Boo was never seen outside of his home and later wounded his father to death, he was seen as crazy. The town s insensible perspective of Boo relates with their perspectives to later circumstances. The interest blurs once Dill returns home; the late spring finished and the children headed over to class. On the first day of school, Scout was immediately incensed when she was scrutinized for having the capacity to peruse, while a large portion of the class proved unable. Mrs. Caroline, Scout s instructor, had an immediate educational program that she was going to educate. Atticus read to Scout at home, and she was in front of the learning educational program. Scout was also scrutinized in school for telling Mrs. Caroline that Walter Cunningham, a poor white schoolmate, wouldn t have the capacity to pay for the lunch that he received. Scout kept on making these immature comments to Walter when Jem welcomed him over for supper. Calpurnia, the black servant for the Finch family, takes Scout into the kitchen and slaps her on the wrist. Calpurnia had the capacity clarify the social contrasts between the rich and poor people, since she was dark, the poorest among the social classes. Sc out was uninformed that the social imbalances can be seen as negative. Atticus advises Scout to place herself in other individuals shoes, before she judges that individual. The Boo Radley amusements proceeded with once Dill came back to Maycomb

Child Sexual Abuse in the Catholic Church Essay - 1044 Words

In over a period of years, an increasing amount of attention has been shed to the problem of child sexual abuse in the church. While churches, and other facilities which care for children, have had their experience of this problem, most attention has been brought to the abuse in the Catholic Church. Around the world, case after case has been seen in the press of clergy and members of religious orders being charged with sex offenses against children. Some of these cases go back decades. The issue has certainly brought attention around the world. The reason why, is the question that ponders in everyone mind. The John Jay College of Criminal Justice found that 4% of all priests who had served in the US from 1950 to 2002 had†¦show more content†¦The issue of opportunity is a major factor in the sex offenses in Churches. In churches, opportunities for abuse are in activities such as taking children home after an activity or youth group, giving individual attention to a child, and being alone with children in summer camps. These opportunities allow priests to be alone with children without other adults being suspicious or concerned. Another factor in explaining the opportunity for abuse is the power and influence that clergy have. Since in the church, priests or ministers are influential in defining what is right and wrong, they may have the power to show abusive behavior as normal. Children are in a position that church workers can use their authority within the church to persuade a child to comply with sexual acts (Farrell Taylor 2000). When authority is misused in this way it adds trauma to the abuse. The betrayal of trust involved is enormous, and for some victims it causes the difficulty to trust authority again. As awareness towards the problem of child sexual abuse has increased, the opportunity for abuse has decreased and the consequences has increased. Prof. Des Cahill (2012b) states: â€Å"So it is important to ask: why has there been a decline in clerical child sex abuse since the 1980s...? To me there are eight reasons for the decline: the social visibility given to the issue since about 1983; the better child protection mechanisms that we have in place; the greater vigilance of Catholic parentsShow MoreRelatedChild Sexual Abuse Scandal in the Catholic Church1319 Words   |  5 Pages the child sexual abuse scandal has rocked the Roman Catholic Church and parishes across the United States. In the last few years, it has even creeped overseas and now constitutes the greatest moral crisis that has faced the Church in more than a century. While the Church has promised and instituted reforms, the damage has been major to its reputation. The case represents a case study in values-driven management and in effective organizational communications. Analysis Catholic sex abuse casesRead MoreEssay The Horror of Child Sexual Abuse and the Catholic Church.2230 Words   |  9 PagesThe Horror of Child Sexual Abuse and the Catholic Church. Early Sunday morning, people shuffle in through the mahogany doors as the smell of Frankincense and Myrrh tickle the nose. Rays of sunlight beam through the stained glass windows, making rainbow images on the red velvet carpet. What sounds like the voices of angels singing praise to the lord harmoniously circulates in the air. A mighty voice roars from the altar, â€Å"Now, let us bow our heads in prayer.† This is a majestic place where oneRead MorePedophile Priest Scandal Essay580 Words   |  3 PagesScandal In 2002 the Catholic Church was rocked with scandalous reports of Priests sexually molesting young children and particularly boys. The scandal is the result of numerous investigations, allegations, arrests, trials, convictions and imprisonment of Catholic Priests. It became largely reported that once trusted and respected Catholic Priests were pedophiles. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) categorizes pedophilia as a mental disorder if the sexual fantasies or urgesRead MoreRecurring Issues Of The Roman Catholic Church1228 Words   |  5 PagesIN THE ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH, ORTHODOXY AND PROTESTANTISM The most important recurring issues in the study of the history of Christianity during our time period is sexual abuse amongst the Catholic Clergy and abortion, the killing of a living entity, as it is a sin against God according to biblical doctrine. Many believe that sexual abuse happening in the Catholic Church, is directly related to celibacy. The Churches restriction on priests that directs them to abstain from sexual relations. ThisRead MoreThe American Youth Soccer Organization898 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Child Protection Act. So when time came for our church in Washington to create a children’s ministry program, I was able to help the church in implementing these Acts into its policies. We never called the news and spouted off that we were the first to do such as another church attempted to do, because we did these things to protect the Children and our volunteers. The other church that had done similar did so just to attract new member into its ranks. Another problem with today’s church isRead MoreSex Abuse And The Catholic Church773 Words   |  4 Pagessex scandals. As a result, sexual misconduct is a major issue in the churches today. Child molestation within the churches reeks of priests being caught-up in lust and unmistakably is a real sign that the brotherhood lacks guidance of the profound reality of the LORD’S sexual identity. Notably, in these past several decades, an enormous amount of priests, along with various other ‘proclaimed’ Christians, predominantly waver with uncertainty, puzzled why they have sexual desires and totally unawareRead MoreThe Legal Repercussions Of Child Abuse1112 Words   |  5 PagesChild abuse. A term that most of us believe to be aware of, but one ought to wonder, are we really aware of it? how one recognises child abuse ?, What are the legal repercussions of child abuse ? How common is it in countries less developed? Is it common in the United States? Does it inte rvene with â€Å"old style† parenting? What entities provide such information? Well before answering any of this question is imperative to acknowledge the very basic of such topic. The webpage Childabuse.org (a governmentalRead MorePedophilia1365 Words   |  6 Pagesthat this disorder deserves attention, and there are very negative stigmas associated. California Congresswoman Jackie Speier, Democrat, wants to federalize a state law to protect pedophiles. In October 2013, the top cleric in Poland’s Roman Catholic Church said parents share blame for certain cases of pedophilia. Recently, Iranian legislature approved a law that will allow girls under the age of 13 to marry as long as the permission of her father is granted. This research paper will examine theRead MoreChristianity and Islam Essay948 Words   |  4 Pagesgreat moral and ethical conflicts including, homosexual rights, and sexual abuse. Roman Catholics are the largest faith group within Christianity. In recent years, more cases on child sexual abuse perpetrated by priests are being discovered. The scandals have had a substantial impact on the integrity of church leaders. Many of these c ases pertain to molestations committed years ago that were muted by the Church at that time. The Church has been continuously targeted by the media because instead of prosecutingRead MoreEssay about Celibacy1237 Words   |  5 Pagescelibacy; however it is not the same concept. Chastity is an abstention from sexual intercourse, but Celibacy is the state of being unmarried after taking a religious vow. Although Priests also have to be chaste the intention of Celibacy is without being married, they will be chaste. This religious practice started a long time ago. Since 1139, when canon law stated that ordination and matrimony are mutually exclusive, Roman Catholic Priests have been required to make a commitment to celibacy. However,

Nursing Jurisprudence Free Essays

string(65) " professional standards and legally authorized scope of nursing\." LEGAL ETHICAL issues in Nursing Nursing Etiquette concerned with moral principle governing the conduct of nurses towards patients, physicians, colleagues, the nursing profession and public Ethics part of philosophy that deals with systematic approaches to questions of morality a term for the study of how we make judgments regarding right and wrong a system of MORAL PRINCIPLES or moral standards governing conduct Moral human conduct in the application of ethics Concerned with JUDGMENT PRINCIPLES of right and wrong in relation to human actions and character Determinants of the Morality of Human Act †¢The OBJECT †¢The END †¢The CIRCUMSTANCES Ethical Principles Ethical Principles: INVIOLABILITY OF LIFE All human life, from the moment of conception and through all subsequent stages, is SACRED! No one can violate or destroy life! 8 ETHICAL DILEMMAS 1. 2. 3. We will write a custom essay sample on Nursing Jurisprudence or any similar topic only for you Order Now 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION IN VITRO FERTILIZATION HUMAN CLONING CONTRACEPTION ABORTION EUTHANASIA PHYSICIAN ASSISTED SUICIDE HUMAN TRANSPLANTATION 9 Argument favoring Euthanasia: compassion for the patient and shortening the period of suffering of the patient Argument disapproving Euthanasia: it is intrinsically wrong since it rejects life. 10 STEWARDSHIP Man has DOMINION over God’s creation: himself (life and health), creatures and environment One should reasonably, responsibly and respectfully benefit from them for service NOT domination TOTALITY Parts are integral, destined to be part of and subordinate to a whole SOLIDARITY One to be with others; to have a unity of interest, responsibility or goal. Based on the common good, love of neighbor, preferential for the most proximate and most need SUBSIDIARITY Every creature should be entrusted with the functions he is capable of performing. It relates to human dignity and recognize persons as free and responsible agents able to care and make decisions for them AUTONOMY – Self Governance/Self Rule – Having the freedom to make choices 4 Basic Elements of Autonomy 1. Respect for Autonomous Person 2. Ability to determine personal goals 3. Capacity to decide 4. Has Freedom to Act CONFIDENTIALITY Requires non-disclosure of private or secret information Confidentiality of Information ? Privileged communication ? Based on trust Revealed when: a. The patient permits such revelation. b. Medico-legal cases/legal proceedings c. Communicable disease /public safety may be jeopardized. d. Continuity of care JUSTICE – refers to the obligation to be fair to other people. Types: 1. distributive justice- fair distribution of responsibilities 2. criminal justice- penalty proportionate to crime 3. rectificatory justice- just compensation in civil law Distributive Justice To each equally. To each according to need. To each according to merit. To each according to person’s right. To each according to individual effort. To each as you would have done by. To each according to the greatest good to a greater number Double Effect Principle When an act has both good and bad effects, it is permissible if: 1) The direct freely chosen effect is morally good and the indirect foreseen but not desired may be harmful, 2) The action/object must not be evil, 3) The foreseen beneficial effect must be greater or equal to the foreseen evil effect 4) The beneficial effect must follow directly from the action or at least as immediate as the harmful effect BENEFICENCE- means to do good and not to do harm. NON- MALEFICENCE- one ought not to inflict evil or harm. 22 FIDELITY- refers to the obligation to be faithful to the agreements, commitments and responsibilities that one has made to oneself and others VERACITY- refers to telling the truth or not intentionally deceiving or misleading patients 23 RESPECT- treat all human beings as persons with rights SHARING AND ALLOCATION OF RESOURCESwho will receive particular scarce resources. 24 NURSING ETHICS ? All principles of right conduct in the practice of nursing ? Appraisal of rightness or wrongness of an act BIO–ETHICS Specific domain of ethics †¢ Systemic study of human behavior in the field of life science and health care in the light of moral values and principles Code of Nursing Ethics †¢ respect for human dignity †¢ safeguards the client’s right to privacy †¢ safeguard client and public †¢ assumes responsibility and accountability for own actions and judgments †¢ maintains competence in nur sing †¢ uses informed judgment, competence and qualifications in accepting responsibilities and delegating nursing activities †¢ Contributes to the development of the profession’s body of knowledge implement and improve standards of care †¢ establish and maintain conditions of employment conducive to high-quality nursing care †¢ protect the public from misinformation and misrepresentation and to maintain the integrity of nursing †¢ In collaboration with other allied health team members, meet the health care needs of the public Patient’s Bill of Rights The patient has the right to: 1) considerate and respectful care. 2) relevant, current, and understandable information concerning diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. ) make decisions regarding his plan of care; in case of refusal, he is entitled to other appropriate care and service or to be transferred to another hospital. 4) Have advance directive (such as living will) concerning treatment or d esignating a surrogate decision maker. 5) Every consideration of his privacy such as in case discussion, consultation and treatment. 6) Confidentiality of communication and records 7) Review his records concerning his medical care and have these explained to him except when restricted by law. ) Expect that within its capacity and policies, a hospital will make reasonable response to the request of a patient for appropriate and medically indicated care and services. 9) Be informed of business relationship among hospital, educational institution, health care providers that may influence the patient’s treatment and care. 10) Consent or decline to participate in experimental research affecting his care. 11) Reasonable continuity of care when appropriate and be informed of other care options when hospital care is no longer appropriate 12) Be informed of hospital policies and practices that relate to patient care. Nurse’s Bill of Rights Nurse’s have the right to: 1) Practice in a manner that fulfills their obligation to the society and to those who receive nursing care. 2) Practice in environments that allow them to act in accordance with professional standards and legally authorized scope of nursing. You read "Nursing Jurisprudence" in category "Essay examples" 3) Work environment that supports and facilitates ethical practice 4) Freely and openly advocate for themselves and their patients without fear of retribution. 5. Fair compensation for their work consistent with their knowledge, experience, and professional responsibilities. 6. Work environment that is safe for themselves and their patients. 7. Negotiate conditions of employment, in all practice settings. LEGAL ASPECTS OF NURSING Nursing Jurisprudence the philosophy of law, or the science which treats the principles of positive law and legal relations Comprises all laws, rules, doctrines and principles, legal opinions and decisions of competent authority regarding governance and regulations of the practice of nursing. Functions of the Law in Nursing 1. Provides a framework for establishing what nursing actions in the care of patients are legal. . Delineates the nurse’s responsibilities from those of other health practitioners 3. Helps to establish the boundaries of independent nursing action 4. Assists in maintaining a standard of nursing practice by making nurses accountable under the law. Philippine Nursing Law Philippine Nursing Act of 2002 R. A. 9173 (October 21, 2002/ November 20, 2002) regulates Philippine nursing practice at present. The law p rovides about nursing registration, nursing examination, nursing education, nursing practice, and health human resource production, utilization and development. It is made up of 19 articles and 41 sections. Prohibitions in Practice of Nursing (Section 35) PENALTY: Fine: a. b. c. d. e. f. g. Php50,000- Php100,000 and/or Imprisonment 1- 6 years practice nursing without certificate or special permit use the certificate of others as his own use an invalid certificate give false evidence during registration falsely pose or advertise as a registered nurse illegally append BSN/RN to his/her name abet or assist the illegal practice of a person who is not lawfully qualified to practice nursing NEGLIGENCE Commission or omission of an act, pursuant to a duty, that a reasonably prudent person in the same or similar circumstance would or would not do, and acting or the non-acting of which is the proximate cause of injury to another person or his property Elements of Professional Negligence †¢ Duty †¢ Breach of duty †¢ Foreseeability †¢ Injury †¢ Direct relationship between failure to meet standard of care and injury can be proved Res Ipsa Loquitor â€Å"the thing speaks for itself† 3 conditions: 1. Accident which ordinarily doesn’t occur in the absence of someone’s negligence 2. Must be caused by an agency or within the exclusive control of the defendant 3. Must not have been due to voluntary action or contribution on the part of the plaintiff Specific Examples of Negligence †¢ Failure to report observations to attending physicians. †¢ Failure to exercise the degree of diligence which the circumstances of the particular case demands. †¢ Mistaken identity. †¢ Wrong medicine, wrong concentration, wrong route, wrong dose. Defects in the equipment such as stretchers and wheelchairs may lead to falls thus injuring the patients. †¢ Errors due to family assistance. †¢ Administration of medicine without a doctor’s prescription. Legal Defense in Negligence †¢ Provision of standard of care in giving service and that they have documented the care they given in a concise and accurate manner. †¢ Exercise sound judgment †¢ â⠂¬Å"assumption of risk† MALPRACTICE Stepping beyond one’s authority with serious consequences Reducing The Risk of Malpractice Litigation †¢ Maintain Good Communication Be courteous, show respect, and take time to listen – Do not belittle patients or make value judgment – Involve patients in decision making – Assess clients level of understanding – Explain so client understand – Clarify and verify Reducing The Risk of Malpractice Litigation †¢ Maintain Expertise in Practice – Keep up to date in both knowledge and skills – Do not attempt any task or give any meds that is unfamiliar – Practice within the professional scope of practice – Be familiar with standards of care – Be attentive of client’s changing status – Pay close attention to details – Document objectively, thoroughly and in a timely fashion Reducing The Risk of Malpractice Litigation †¢ Maintain autonomy and empowerment – Challenge questionable physician order – Seek attention for patient with changing needs – Challenge bureaucratic structures that threaten patient’s welfare – Avoid institutional settings that produce systematic threats to patient welfare Respondeat Superior †¢ Let the superior answer for the acts of the subordinate †¢ Master and servant are answerable; servant is responsible †¢ Actions performed by the employee within the scope of his employment. Force Majeure â€Å"irresistible/ superior force† †¢ Accident which human prudence can neither foresee or prevent †¢ â€Å"Act of God† Liability of Nurses †¢ Work of Nursing Aides †¢ Work of Nursing Students Delegation A process of transferring selected Nursing tasks to an individual who is competent. Any nursing intervention that requires independent special nursing knowl edge, skill or judgment CANNOT be delegated. Tasks that involve the assessment, planning and evaluation phases of the nursing process cannot be delegated. Delegation involves: †¢ Responsibility: an obligation to accomplish a task Accountability: acceptance of responsibility for the outcome of a duty †¢ Authority: right to act or empower Principles of delegation †¢ A nurse can only delegate those tasks for which that nurse is responsible, according to the specific state’s nurse practice act The delegator remains accountable for the task Along with responsibility for a task, the nurse who delegates must also transfer the authority necessary to complete the task The delegator knows well the task to be delegated Delegation is a contractual agreement that is entered into voluntarily †¢ †¢ †¢ Telephone Orders †¢ Only in an extreme emergency and when no other resident or intern is available. †¢ Nurse should read back the order to the physician . †¢ Signed by the physician within 24 hours. †¢ Nurse should sign the name of physician per her own and note the time the order was received. CONSENT CONSENT †¢ Free and rational act that presupposes knowledge of the thing to which consent is being given by a person who is legally capable to give consent. †¢ Authorization, by a patient or a person authorized by law to give the consent on the patient’s behalf. Informed Consent a) The diagnosis and explanation of the condition. b) A fair explanation of the procedures to be done and used and the consequences. c) A description of alternative treatments or procedures. d) A description of the benefits to be expected. e) Material rights if any. f) The prognosis. Things to Remember: †¢ Patient is the one who gives the consent. †¢ Person who is authorized to give the consent in behalf of the patient. †¢ Parents of minors. †¢ Minors are allowed if emancipated or married. †¢ Parents or legal guardians for mentally ill patients. Emergency situation entails implied consent. †¢ Patient has the right to refuse. MEDICAL RECORDS ? Legal protection for the hospital, doctor, and nurse ? â€Å"If it was not charted, it was not observed or done. † ? Nurses are expected to fully, accurately, legibly, and promptly document their observations. ? Subpoena duces tecum ? When a nurse or clinical instructor countersigns the chart ing of a nursing student, he/she attests that he/she has personal knowledge of information and that such is accurate and authentic. CRIME ?An act committed or omitted in violation of the law. Elements: a)Criminal act b)Evil/criminal intent TORTS ?A legal wrong, committed against a person or property. 1. Assault and Battery 2. False Imprisonment or Illegal Detention 3. Invasion of Right to Privacy and Breach of Confidentiality 4. Defamation Criminal Actions a. Misdemeanor †¢ †¢ General name for a criminal offense which does not amount to felony Punishment is usually a fine or imprisonment less than 1 year. b. Felony †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Public offense Liable to be sentenced to death or penitentiary imprisonment. Deceit (dolo) ? deliberate intent Fault (culpa)? rongful acts result from imprudence , negligence, or lack of skill or foresight Classes of Felonies Degree of the Acts of Execution Attempted †¦offender commences the commission of the act and does not perform all the acts or execution by reason of some cause or accident other than his own spontaneous desistance Frustrated Consummated †¦offender performs all †¦when all the elements acts or execution of felony necessary for its execution but never produce it and accomplishment are because of causes present independent of the will of the perpetrator Degree of Punishment Grave Less Grave Light capital punishment (death) or penalties which any of their periods are afflictive (imprisonment ranging from 6 yrs to 1 day to life improsnment or a fine not exceeding P6000. 00) †¦penalties which in †¦penalty of arresto their maximum period menor (imprisonment are correctional for 1 day to 30 days or a (imprisonment ranging fine not exceeding from 1 month and 1 day P200. 00 or both to 30 days or a fine not exceeding P6000. 00 but not less than P200. 00) CRIMINAL NEGLIGENCE a. Reckless Imprudence †¢ Person does an act or fails to do it voluntarily but without malice, f rom which material damage results immediately. Person did not use precaution and the damage was not immediate or the impending danger was not evident b. Simple Imprudence †¢ CRIMINAL INTENT †¢ State of mind of a person at the time the criminal act is committed †¢ Knowledge that the act was unlawful Requisites: †¢ There must be FREEDOM †¢ There must be INTELLIGENCE Requisites of Criminal Intent Freedom Intelligence Freedom is absent in the 1. An imbecile or insane (unless following circumstances: acting during lucid of 1. Under compulsion of an interval). irresistible force. 2. Under nine years old. 2. Under the impulse of 3. Over nine under fifteen uncontrollable fear or an equal (unless he had acted with or greater injury. discernment). Persons Criminally Liable Principals †¢Those who take direct part in the execution of the act (principal by direct participation) †¢Those who directly force or induce others to commit it (principal by inducement) †¢Those who cooperate in the commission of the offense by another act without which it would not have been accomplished (principal by cooperation) Accomplices †¢The person who have a common criminal purpose with the criminal. †¢Have the intention to help and knowledge about the crime. Accessories †¢Have the knowledge but did not participate in the act. a. By profiting themselves. b. By concealing or destroying body of the crime, or instrument thereof, in order to prevent its discovery. c. By harboring, concealing or assisting in escape of the principal. Circumstances Affecting Criminal Liability JUSTIFYING ? Does not commit crime in the eye of the law a. In defense of his person or rights b. In defense of the rights of his family c. In order to avoid an evil or injury d. In the fulfillment of a duty e. In obedience to an order by some superior for some lawful purposes EXEMPTING ? There is crime committed but there is no criminal on account of absence of freewill and voluntariness to act. a. An imbecile or insane (unless acted on lucid interval) b. Under 9 yrs c. Over 9 and under 15 (unless acted on discernment) d. While performing a lawful act with due care, cause an injury by mere accident without fault or intention of causing it e. Act under the compulsion of an irresistible force f. Acts under impulse of uncontrollable fear of an equal injury g. Who fails to perform an act required by law, when prevented by some lawful or insuperable cause. MITIGATING ? which lessen the penalty a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. Under 18 or over 70 yrs old No intention to commit so grave There was sufficient provocation Acted on impulse so powerful to have produced obfuscation Voluntarily surrendered Deaf or dumb, blind or suffering from defect. Illness that diminish will power Immediate vindication of grave offense to the one committing the felony, his/her spouse, ascend ants, descendants, legitimate, natural or adopted brothers or sisters, or relative by affinity within the first degree Lack of education is not Mitigating in: 1. Rape 2. Forcible abduction 3. Arson 4. Treason 5. In crimes against chastity like seduction and acts of lasciviousness; and 6. Those acts committed in a merciless or heinous manner AGGRAVATING ? †¦which increases the penalty a. Public position b. In contempt of public authority c. Committed with insult or in disregard of the respect of the offended party on account of his/her rank, age, or sex or that it is committed in the dwelling of the offended party, if the latter has not given provocation d. With abuse or confidence or obvious ungratefulness e. in a place of worship f. Conflagration, shipwreck, earthquake, epidemic or other calamity or misfortune g. Price, reward, or promise h. Committed by means of fire, poison, explosion, i. With evident premeditation or after unlawful entry j. Craft, fraud, or disguise is employed k. Causing other wrongs not necessary for its commission ? ALTERNATIVE ? Those which must be taken into consideration as aggravating or mitigating according to the nature effects of the crime and other conditions attending its commission ? Alternative circumstance of relationship should be taken into consideration Points to Observe in Order to Avoid Criminal Liability a. Be very familiar with the nursing law. b. Beware of the laws affecting nursing practice. . At the start of employment, get a copy of your job description, the agency’s rules, regulations and policies. d. Upgrade your skills and competence. e. Accept only such responsibility that is within the scope of your employment and your job description. f. Do not delegate your responsibility to others. g. Determine whether your subordinates are competen t in the work you are assigning them. h. Develop good interpersonal relationships with your coworkers, whether they be your supervisors, peers or subordinates. i. Consult your superiors for problems that may be too big for you to handle. . Verify orders that are not clear to you or those that seem to be erroneous. k. The doctors should be informed about the patient’s condition. l. Keep in mind the value and necessity of keeping accurate and adequate records. m. Patients are entitled to an informed consent. Moral Turpitude An act of baseness, vileness or depravity in social or private duties which a man owes to hi fellow man or society in general, an act contrary to the accepted and customary rule of right and duty between men Murder ? Unlawful killing a human being WITH INTENT to kill. ? A very serious crime Ex. Criminal Abortion Euthanasia Homicide ? Killing of a human being WITHOUT CRIMAL INTENT by a person other than his father, mother or child or any of his ascendants or descendants, or his spouse Abortion ? Expulsion of the product of conceptus before the age of viability ? In the law, any person who, with the intention pr prematurely ending a pregnancy, willfully and unlawfully does any act to cause the same is guilty of procuring abortion ? Art. II Sec. 15 of Phil. Constitution protects the life of the unborn Infanticide ? Killing of a child less than three (3) days of age ? Mother who committed this crime shall be imprisoned for two (2) years, four (4) months and one (1) day to six (6) years Parricide ? Crime committed by one who kills his/her father, mother or child whether legitimate or illegitimate, or any of his ascedants or descedants or his spouse. ? Convicted with this crime, shall be imposed a penalty of life imprisonment (Reclusion Perpetua) to death Robbery ? Crime against a person or property ? The taking of personal property of another person from him or in his presence Common Legal Terms R. Ns should know Affidavit – is a written statement made under oath efore a notary public or other person duly authorized Civil Law – concerned with legal rights and duties of private persons Criminal Law – deals with conduct that is considered to be offensive to a society as a whole Day in Court – the right of a person to appear in court and be heard concerning his complaint/defense Defendant – the person being accused o f wrongdoing; therefore needs to defend himself Deposition – an oral interrogation answering all manner of questions relating to the transaction at issue, given under oath and taken in writing before a judicial officer or attorney How to cite Nursing Jurisprudence, Essay examples

Environmental Impacts of Definite Products-Samples for Students

Question: Discuss about the Environmental Management System. Answer: A commonly utilized tool in the environmental context makes use of the life-cycle assessment (LCA) to assess the environmental aspects in addition to the potential impacts pertinent to a product in course of all its stages. In this view, studies have been carried out in recent times to evaluate the environmental impacts of definite products. One such product is olive oil that has been extensively investigated for its environmental impacts through relevant studies. I came to know about the available energy recovery alternatives that have the capacity of driving the management of the olive oil industry waste in the Australian context through adoption of LCA procedure owing to the expanding nature of the olive oil industry in the country. The options that are in vogue constituted manufacturing briquettes as solid fuel for the purpose of home heating, application of pellets in two distinctive areas of either domestic water heating or industrial water heating part from other techniques su ch as that of pyrolysis and composting. According to the study findings I came to learn that rather than the current best practice of composting that has been confirmed to exert significant environmental benefits, displacement of electricity from the main grid is capable of harboring better outcomes following utilization of olive waste for the generation of energy products. However, as per the proposition of the study I came to know that highest effectiveness with optimum environmental benefits may be expected from the production of pellets that are applicable for usage in the domestic hot water bodies (El Hanandeh, 2015). Thus, an insight into the choices available for the sake of energy utilization of the solid olive waste in contrast to the industry available practices has been procured through this study that will further add to the knowledge regarding the environmental management system in this regard for future reference. I also referred to another study concerning the small a nd micro scale production of olive oil in northern Jordan that accounted for indicating the environmental efficiency through environmental impacts assessment in addition to conducting the comparative analysis of the olive oil production practices meant for other Mediterranean regions. Assessments were done with respect to five distinct environmental impact categories such as acidification, particulate matter formation, climate change, agricultural land production as well as human toxicity. Referring to the study findings, it became evident to me that environmental efficiency is supported with respect to olive oil production in northern Jordan when compared against large scale olive oil production practices carried out in the Mediterranean regions. Suitable analysis identified climate change and human toxicity as the most sensitive and least sensitive to differences at farm level practices respectively. I understood that the efficacy of the EMS in the region may be further attributed to low utilization of energy, water and chemical resources in addition to fruitful soil management practices that hold potential for improvement through adoption of low tillage or no tillage agricultural practices by the farmers (El Hanandeh Gharaibeh, 2016). Therefore, I believe knowledge acquired about the olive oil production and subsequent waste utilization with respect to two different geographical contexts has the prospect of planning an EMS pertinent to other regions that account for yield of similar product. References El Hanandeh, A. (2015). Energy recovery alternatives for the sustainable management of olive oil industry waste in Australia: life cycle assessment.Journal of Cleaner Production,91, 78-88. El Hanandeh, A., Gharaibeh, M. A. (2016). Environmental efficiency of olive oil production by small and micro-scale farmers in northern Jordan: Life cycle assessment.Agricultural Systems,148, 169-177.